When we narrate events that occurred in the past but not at the same time, we also employ different times. In particular, for actions that occurred in the past but before other past actions also used the 'past perfect'.
The formula for its construction is: LAST WORD TO HAVE + participle of main verb: The dog Had broken the lamp.
EXAMPLES
1. Tobias had already left.
2. He was nervous because he had never dived before.
3. She didn't come because she had already seen the film.
4. We couldn't go to the restaurant because they had reserved all the tables.
5. They didn't go to the course because they hadn’t signed up.
6. I didn't recognize the village because it had grown a lot.
7. By the time they arrived the game had already started.
8. You had never met my uncle?
9. They think they lost because they had never played before.
10. We got really angry when we realized that we had done it incorrectly.
11. When the document got to my branch you hadn't signed it yet.
12. We didn't try the appetizers because we had already eaten.
jueves, 31 de marzo de 2011
PAST CONTINUOUS
FORM
[was/were + present participle]
Indicates that an action was taking place at some point in the past to which it refers. It does not say if the action already completed or still continuing.
USE OF PAST CONTINUOUS
puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
Example: He was playing football.
two actions happening at the same time (in the past)
Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.
action going on at a certain time in the past
Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
Signal Words of Past Progressive
when, while, as long as
EXAMPLES
Public counter was doing the financial statement
I was working yersterday
She was studying last month
the black swan was competing for best film
bon jovi thank you for loving me was singing at the concert
students were studying for the English test
my nephew was having his birthday on Tuesday March 29
They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.
ayer estabamos realizando el anteproyecto de grado
[was/were + present participle]
Indicates that an action was taking place at some point in the past to which it refers. It does not say if the action already completed or still continuing.
USE OF PAST CONTINUOUS
puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
Example: He was playing football.
two actions happening at the same time (in the past)
Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.
action going on at a certain time in the past
Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
Signal Words of Past Progressive
when, while, as long as
EXAMPLES
Public counter was doing the financial statement
I was working yersterday
She was studying last month
the black swan was competing for best film
bon jovi thank you for loving me was singing at the concert
students were studying for the English test
my nephew was having his birthday on Tuesday March 29
They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.
ayer estabamos realizando el anteproyecto de grado
martes, 29 de marzo de 2011
PAST SIMPLE-VOICE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE
Law 154/1990 spoke the professional code of ethics
The professional code of ethics was spoken by law 154/1990
Public accountant reviewed the finances of the company
The finances of the company was reviewed by public accountant
The Colombian economy progressed last year worldwide
Last year worldwide was progressed the Colombian Economy
Students read the topic before class
The topic before class were read by students
The king’s speech got the Oscar winner
The Oscar was gotten The King´s speech
Coelho wrote The Alchemist
The alchemist was written by Coelho
Financial statements reflect the economic situation of the company
The economic situation of the company was reflect the financial statements
The auditor read the final opinion
The final opinion was read by auditor
I study much for tests
For tests, I was studied much
She knew the new accounting book
The new accounting book she was known
The professional code of ethics was spoken by law 154/1990
Public accountant reviewed the finances of the company
The finances of the company was reviewed by public accountant
The Colombian economy progressed last year worldwide
Last year worldwide was progressed the Colombian Economy
Students read the topic before class
The topic before class were read by students
The king’s speech got the Oscar winner
The Oscar was gotten The King´s speech
Coelho wrote The Alchemist
The alchemist was written by Coelho
Financial statements reflect the economic situation of the company
The economic situation of the company was reflect the financial statements
The auditor read the final opinion
The final opinion was read by auditor
I study much for tests
For tests, I was studied much
She knew the new accounting book
The new accounting book she was known
PARTS OF SPEECH
1. VERB.
• be | was/were | been ..........ser, estar
• become | became | become ..........convertirse en, llegar a ser
• begin | began | begun ..........comenzar, empeza
• broadcast | broadcast | broadcast.......... emitir, difundir por television
• buy | bought | bought ..........comprar
• do | did | done..........hacer
• find | found | found ..........encontrar
• forbid | forbade | forbidden..........prohibir
• get | got | gotten..........conseguir, lograr, obtener
• give | gave | given..........dar
• go | went | gone..........ir
• keep | kept | kept..........guardar, mantener
• know | knew | known..........conocer, saber
• lay | laid | laid ..........poner
• lead | led | led..........conducir, dirigir
• learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt..........aprender
• mistake | mistook | mistaken..........errar, equivocarse
• pay | paid | paid..........pagar
• read | read | read..........leer
• say | said | said..........decir
• seek | sought | sought..........buscar
• sell | sold | sold..........vender
• send | sent | sent ..........enviar
• show | showed | showed/shown..........enseñar, mostrar
• teach | taught | taught..........enseñar, educar
• tell | told | told..........contar, explicar
• understand | understood | understood..........entender, comprender
• write | wrote | written ..........escribir
2. ADJECTIVES
• Tal…. Alta
• Interesting…..interesante
• Big……gran
• Beautiful…..bonita
• Thin……delgada
• Little……Pequeño
• Ghastly…….horrible
• Intelligent…….Inteligente
• Fat……gorda
• Funny……..Chistoso
• Old….Viejo
• Young…….Joven
• Delicious…….Delicioso
3. ADVERBS
• To…..hacia
• Maybe….acaso
• Open……abierto
• Close…..cerrado
• Now……ahora
• Afterwards……luego
• Around…..alrededor
• Of………de
• Exactly……axactamente
• Together…….juntos
• Very……muchos
• Nothing of the kind…..Nada que ver
• Lately…..ultimamente
• At last…..por fin
• Not ever…..ni siquiera
4. PREPOSITION
about alrededor de,
sobre above por encima de
after detrás de, después de
among entre (tres o más)
at en, junto a
before antes de, delante de
behind detrás de
below debajo de
beneath debajo de
beside junto a
between entre (dos o más)
but excepto, pero
by por, junto a
down hacia abajo
except excepto
from de, desde
in en, dentro de
into en, adentro
like como, igual a
near cerca de
of de
off de (alejándose), fuera de
on en, sobre
over por encima de, al otro lado
since desde
through a través de
throughout por todo
till = until hasta
to a, hasta, hacia
under por debajo de
up hacia arriba
upon (poniendo) sobre, encima
with con
5. PRONOUNS
• I…..yo
• You….tu
• He…..el
• She…….ella
• It….para objetos
• We….nosotros
• You……ustedes
• They……..ellos
6. NOUNS
• Cat – Gato
• Dog – Perro
• Man – Hombre
• Woman – Mujer
• Chair – Silla
• Mouse - Raton
Book – Libro
• Guitar – Guitarra
• Keyboard – Teclado
• Pencil – Lápiz
• Wire – Alambre
• Desk –Escritorio
• Refrigerator – Refrigerador
• Kitchen – Cocina
• Chalk – Tiza
• Shirt – Camisa
• Car – Carro
• Street – Calle
• Ball – Pelota
• Window – Ventana
7. CONJUNCTIONS
• that,.que
• because of, debido a
• since, ya que, puesto que
• as, pues, como
• so that, a fin de que
• lest, para (que) no
• if, si
• unless, a menos que
• although, though, aunque
• while, en tanto que
• until, hasta que
• as if, as though, como si
• when, cuando
• why, por que
• in order that, para, a fin de que
• whether... or, si... o
• be | was/were | been ..........ser, estar
• become | became | become ..........convertirse en, llegar a ser
• begin | began | begun ..........comenzar, empeza
• broadcast | broadcast | broadcast.......... emitir, difundir por television
• buy | bought | bought ..........comprar
• do | did | done..........hacer
• find | found | found ..........encontrar
• forbid | forbade | forbidden..........prohibir
• get | got | gotten..........conseguir, lograr, obtener
• give | gave | given..........dar
• go | went | gone..........ir
• keep | kept | kept..........guardar, mantener
• know | knew | known..........conocer, saber
• lay | laid | laid ..........poner
• lead | led | led..........conducir, dirigir
• learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt..........aprender
• mistake | mistook | mistaken..........errar, equivocarse
• pay | paid | paid..........pagar
• read | read | read..........leer
• say | said | said..........decir
• seek | sought | sought..........buscar
• sell | sold | sold..........vender
• send | sent | sent ..........enviar
• show | showed | showed/shown..........enseñar, mostrar
• teach | taught | taught..........enseñar, educar
• tell | told | told..........contar, explicar
• understand | understood | understood..........entender, comprender
• write | wrote | written ..........escribir
2. ADJECTIVES
• Tal…. Alta
• Interesting…..interesante
• Big……gran
• Beautiful…..bonita
• Thin……delgada
• Little……Pequeño
• Ghastly…….horrible
• Intelligent…….Inteligente
• Fat……gorda
• Funny……..Chistoso
• Old….Viejo
• Young…….Joven
• Delicious…….Delicioso
3. ADVERBS
• To…..hacia
• Maybe….acaso
• Open……abierto
• Close…..cerrado
• Now……ahora
• Afterwards……luego
• Around…..alrededor
• Of………de
• Exactly……axactamente
• Together…….juntos
• Very……muchos
• Nothing of the kind…..Nada que ver
• Lately…..ultimamente
• At last…..por fin
• Not ever…..ni siquiera
4. PREPOSITION
about alrededor de,
sobre above por encima de
after detrás de, después de
among entre (tres o más)
at en, junto a
before antes de, delante de
behind detrás de
below debajo de
beneath debajo de
beside junto a
between entre (dos o más)
but excepto, pero
by por, junto a
down hacia abajo
except excepto
from de, desde
in en, dentro de
into en, adentro
like como, igual a
near cerca de
of de
off de (alejándose), fuera de
on en, sobre
over por encima de, al otro lado
since desde
through a través de
throughout por todo
till = until hasta
to a, hasta, hacia
under por debajo de
up hacia arriba
upon (poniendo) sobre, encima
with con
5. PRONOUNS
• I…..yo
• You….tu
• He…..el
• She…….ella
• It….para objetos
• We….nosotros
• You……ustedes
• They……..ellos
6. NOUNS
• Cat – Gato
• Dog – Perro
• Man – Hombre
• Woman – Mujer
• Chair – Silla
• Mouse - Raton
Book – Libro
• Guitar – Guitarra
• Keyboard – Teclado
• Pencil – Lápiz
• Wire – Alambre
• Desk –Escritorio
• Refrigerator – Refrigerador
• Kitchen – Cocina
• Chalk – Tiza
• Shirt – Camisa
• Car – Carro
• Street – Calle
• Ball – Pelota
• Window – Ventana
7. CONJUNCTIONS
• that,.que
• because of, debido a
• since, ya que, puesto que
• as, pues, como
• so that, a fin de que
• lest, para (que) no
• if, si
• unless, a menos que
• although, though, aunque
• while, en tanto que
• until, hasta que
• as if, as though, como si
• when, cuando
• why, por que
• in order that, para, a fin de que
• whether... or, si... o
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